Panic disorder is a specific type of anxiety disorder that can cause sudden and intense bouts of fear. These episodes, known as panic attacks, may come without warning and be very distressing. Understanding panic disorders can help patients feel less alone and find effective treatments.

What Is Panic Disorder?

Panic disorder is a mental health condition characterized by recurring panic attacks. These attacks are sudden periods of intense fear or discomfort that reach a peak within minutes. People with panic disorder often live in fear of the next attack, which can significantly impact their daily lives.

People with a panic disorder often describe their attacks as feeling like they’re losing control, having a heart attack or even dying. The physical symptoms can be so severe that many seek emergency medical attention, only to be told that their heart is fine.

Panic disorder symptoms

Signs and symptoms of panic disorder can vary in intensity and duration. Some people may experience a few side effects, while others might feel nearly all of them during an attack, including:  

  • Rapid heartbeat or palpitations
  • Sweating
  • Trembling or shaking
  • Shortness of breath or feeling smothered
  • Feelings of choking
  • Chest pain or discomfort
  • Nausea or abdominal distress
  • Dizziness, lightheadedness or feeling faint
  • Chills or hot flashes
  • Numbness or tingling sensations
  • Feelings of unreality or detachment 
  • Fear of losing control or “going crazy”
  • Fear of dying

What causes panic disorder?

Exact causes are unknown, but several factors may contribute to its development:

  • Genetics. A family history of panic disorder or other anxiety disorders can increase the risk.
  • Brain function. Abnormalities in brain function and structure may play a role.
  • Stress. Major life stress, such as the death of a loved one, can trigger panic attacks.
  • Temperament. People who are more sensitive to stress or negative emotions may be more prone to panic attacks.
  • Substance use. Misuse of alcohol, drugs or even caffeine can trigger or worsen panic attacks.

Coping strategies for panic attacks

Panic disorder can be debilitating but there are ways to manage it, according to the National Institute of Mental Health. Understanding the disorder and adopting coping strategies can make a real difference in quality of life.

  • Education. Learning about panic disorder can help demystify the condition and reduce fear.
  • Breathing techniques. Controlled breathing exercises can help manage hyperventilation and calm the body during an attack.
  • Mindfulness. Practices like meditation, yoga and progressive muscle relaxation can reduce anxiety.
  • Physical activity. Consistent moderate exercise can improve your mood and help reduce anxiety.
  • Healthy habits. Maintaining a balanced diet, getting adequate sleep and avoiding drugs and alcohol can help manage symptoms.

Treatment Options for Panic Disorder

There are several treatments for panic disorder at The Vines Hospital in Ocala, FL. Providers can tailor programs and treatments based on each patient’s highly personalized needs.

Psychotherapy 

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is one of the most effective forms of psychotherapy for panic disorder. It helps individuals understand the thoughts and behaviors that trigger their panic attacks and teaches them how to respond differently.

Medications that treat panic disorder 

  • Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs): Often the first choice for treating panic disorder, these medications can reduce the frequency and severity of attacks.
  • Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs): Another class of largely effective antidepressants.
  • Benzodiazepines: Anti-anxiety medications that can provide quick relief but used only short-term due to the risk of dependence.

Combination therapy

In some cases, a combination of medication and psychotherapy may be the most effective approach. Work closely with a mental health provider to help determine the best treatment plan.

How to help someone with panic disorder

Supporting someone with panic disorder can be challenging but your understanding and patience can make a significant difference.

  • Learn as much as you can about the condition. 
  • Offer reassurance and avoid harsh judgments.
  • Gently encourage them to seek professional help.  
  • Recovery takes time and setbacks may occur. Be patient.  
  • Avoid situations that can trigger a panic attack. 

If you or someone you know is struggling with panic disorder, it’s important to seek professional help. Early intervention can make a big difference in managing the condition and improving your quality of life.

If you or a loved one is experiencing panic attacks, don’t hesitate to seek help. You’re not alone and effective treatments are available.

Get help now

The Vines Hospital in Ocala, FL, provides individualized mental health and addiction treatments for adults and adolescents in an empathetic environment. To learn more about our treatments, visit the Programs and Services page.